Anti-Mullerian hormone - AMH nowdays represents one of the basic, most commonly used tests, or indicators of ovarian reserve.
In biological terms, AMH is a glycoprotein of transforming growth factor (TGF) beta superfamily, and it is produced exclusively in granulosa cells, prenatal and small antral follicles. Anti-Mullerian hormone gene is located on chromosome 19.
AMH is previously known for its role in the development of reproductive tract in men, while its role in women is less well known, and it is assumed that it serves as a controller of excessive follicular growth, thus performing the role of "guardian" of ovarian reserve.
The advantage of this marker, in comparison to many others, is that its value is constant throughout the cycle, and certainly it is not subject to variations under the influence of gonadotropins and other factors (prenatal and small antral follicles are independent of gonadotropin).
There is increasing evidence of its superiority as a predictor of ovarian reserve, which is significantly better correlated with a reduction in ovarian reserve and group of antral follicles compared to other markers.
Nowdays, creating of a modern stimulation protocols in IVF is based primarily on the values of AMH.
Direct clinical use of AMH today includes:
• Monitoring of ovarian aging
• Test for ovarian reserve - a marker of premature ovarian failure
• Predictor of answers, success and the necessary doses of drugs in ART procedures
• predictor of long-term fertility
• Screening and diagnosis of PCOS
• How long a women can delay reproductive plans
• Damage to ovarian tissue after surgical intervention
• Predictor of occurrence for the menopause – the only marker that has a longitudinal decline over the years
• The special role in the oncology caused fertility (decision on which patient has a chance of preserving fertility)
Besides problems with the interpretation of laboratory results, there are problems with the clinical interpretation and consensus on decision for referential values.
The point is that the lower the level of AMH is, the lower the ovarian reserve is and vice versa, but sometimes there are thin boundaries between different categories. The difference in test results in range of only 0.1, which is happening even if test is repeated on the same day, could place the patient in a different category.
Due to practical use, in everyday work we are guided by the following criteria:
Interpretation of results The level of AMH in the blood (ng / ml)
High values (often PCOS) >4,0
Regular values >1,5-4,0
Low regular values >1,0-1,5
Low values >0,5-1,0
Extreme low values <0,5
Unfortunately, older reproductive age today represents the biggest challenge and the biggest problem which couple with infertility problem is facing with, in which a medicine is not and probably never will be able to find a solution.
Learn moreAnti-Mullerian hormone - AMH represents one of the basic, the most commonly used tests, or indicators of ovarian reserve. In biological terms, AMH is a glycoprotein of transforming growth factor (TGF) beta superfamily, and in the women is produced exclusively in granulosa cells, prenatal and small antral follicles. Anti-Mullerian hormone gene is located on chromosome 19.
Learn moreAlthough some women have preserved ovarian reserve for the long period of time (although the chances of pregnancy after the age of 40 are not particularly good), in a certain number of women, ovarian reserve is exhausted earlier than in natural flow due to some genetic predispositions, certain systemic diseases, as well as a variety of other diseases, primarily endometriosis, and previous operations on ovaries.
Learn moreThe tests for ovarian reserve preservation status are all diagnostic procedures with which we assess and quantify the state of ovarian reserve or ovarian functional capacity. These are all procedures that a doctor conducts in order to gain insight into the ovary conditions, and to determine the best therapeutic plan for further treatment.
Learn moreAntral follicles are small follicles in the ovaries, with diameter of 2 mm, which can be detected by transvaginal ultrasound and the number of which is a very reliable test of ovarian reserve preservation. AFC means the number of those follicles on both ovaries.
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